PRESENT TENSE

22.53 |

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Ø digunakan untuk aktifitas yang rutin dilakukan dari sekarang hingga nanti

Ø digunakan untuk menyatan kebenaran umum

Ø dilakukan untuk membuat aktifitas yang dilakukan berulang-ulang ( repeat action )

Ø digunakan untuk menyatakan aktifitas yang sudah biasa ( habital action )

	RUMUS KALIMAT AKTIF		RUMUS KALIMAT PASSIF	RUMUS Question word
	VERBAL	NON VERBAL
(+)	S + v1 (s/es) + o Ex : ( He reads book ) ( Dia sedang membaca buku )	S + to be + complement Ex : I am student of Kyai Mojo ( saya adalah santri Kyai Mojo )	S + to be (is,are,am) + V3 + By + O Ex : book is readed by Roni ( buku dibaca oleh Roni )	QW + to be+ S + V1/complement Ex : what is roni read ? ( apa yang sedang Roni baca )
(-)	S + Do/does + Not + V1 + o Ex : He doesn’t read book ( Dia sedang tidak membaca buku )	S + to be + Not + Complement Ex : I am not Student of Kyai Moj0 ( saya bukan santri Kyai Mojo )	S + to be ( am,is ,are ) + Not + V3 + By + O Book is not readed by Roni ( buku sedang tidak dibaca oleh Roni )
(?)	Do / does + S + V1 + O + ? Ex: Do you love me ? ( apakah kamu mencintaiku )	To be + S Complement + ? Ex : Is He Student of Kyai Mojo ? ( Apakah dia santri Kyai Mojo ?	To be ( is ,am, are ) + S + V3 + By + O + ? Ex : is the book readed by Rono ? ( Apakah buku sedang dibaca oleh roni ? )

· is and does and tambahan : untuk sobyek He, She, it & nama orang

· are and do : untuk sobyek they, we & jama’

· am and do : untuk sobyek I

· - s / es : untuk tambahan kata kerja yang sobyeknya He,She, it & nama orang.

· Tenses ini sering menggunakan frequency : always, often, usuallay, generally, habitually, seldom, rarely, once a week, every day, every week, every month, never, sometimes, occasionally, now, then,

PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

Ø Digunakan untuk aktifitas yang dikerjakan sekarang.

Ø Sifat pekerjaan ini sementara

RUMUS KALIMAT AKTIF		RUMUS KALIMAT PASSIF	RUMUS Question word
VERBAL	NON VERBAL
S + to be + V1 + Ing + O Ex : I am wreating letter ( saya sedang menulis surat )	S + TO BE + being + complement Ex : She is being honest	S + to be( is,am,are ) + being + V3 + O Tika was being loved by Robi Tika sedang dicintai robi	QW + to be + S + V1 + Ing + O Where are you going ?
S + to be + not + V1 + Ing + O Ex : I am not wreating letter ( saya tidak sedang mnulis surat )	S + TO BE + NOT+ being + complement She is not being honest	S + to be + not + being + v3 + O IPS was not being learned by Umi Ips sedang tidak dipelajari oleh Umi	( dimana kamu sedang pergi ? )
to be + S + V1 + Ing + O ? are you eating rice ? ( apakah kamu sedang makan nasi ? )	TO BE +s + being + complement ? Is she being honest	to be + S + being + V3 + O ? are you being loved by Umi ? Apakah kamu sedang dicintai oellh Umi ?

Catatan :

Untuk aktifitas sekarang / sedang terjadi lebih sering digunakan continous tense daripada present tense.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Ø Digunakan untuk aktifitas yang telah selesai dikerjakan dimasa yang telah lalu namun masih membawa dampak sampai sekarang.

Ø Namun start dan kesempurnaan pekerjaan itu ada di masa lalu

Ø Keterangan waktunya tidak jelas

RUMUS KALIMAT AKTIF		RUMUS KALIMAT PASSIF	RUMUS Question word
VERBAL	NON VERBAL
S + have/has + V3 + o Ex ; She has called me	S + have/has + been + complemen Ex ; I have been diligent	S + have/has+ been + V3 + by + o Ex ; Lesson has been learned by student	QW + have /has + S + v3 o/complement
S + have/has + not+ V3 + o Ex ; She has not called him	S + have/has+ Not + complement Ex ; I have not been clever	S + have/has +Not + been + V3 + by + o Ex ; Lesson has not been learned by student	Ex : what have you eaten ?
have/has +s+ V3 + o +? Ex ; Has she called me ?	have/has + s +been + complement ? ex ; Have you been teacher ?	have/has + s+ been + V3 + by + o? ex ; has lesson been learned by student ?